Porn Valley – For the past few years, the adult film industry has operated on a closed set of sorts, with many actors preferring to work within a few San Fernando Valley communities using a testing system that made them feel relatively safe from AIDS.

The recent news that actor Darren James contracted HIV while filming in Brazil and infected at least one other person upon his return has uncovered an open secret no one has wanted to confront: Adult film companies often shoot movies in foreign locales like Brazil, Budapest and Prague, in part to save money on less expensive local talent, in part to find new faces to fill the voracious demand for adult films.

But those trips come with a price that has gone unpaid until now.

“You have such a strict situation here with the testing,” said photographer Suze Randall, who has recently begun producing adult films. “We all felt safe and all of a sudden this came from left field.”

Many countries do not require AIDS testing for adult film actors or they require unsophisticated tests that fail to uncover HIV for up to six months, industry observers say. Actors often have filmed sex immediately after returning to the United States, potentially infecting others.

James performed with 13 actresses before a blood test last week showed he was HIV-positive. One of his partners, Lara Roxx, also tested HIV positive. More than 60 performers who had contact with the two have been barred by the industry pending new blood tests, and more than 30 companies halted production indefinitely.

The industry has regulated itself successfully for the past four years through the creation of the Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation. AIM administers tough tests – called PCR-DNA or polymearase chain reaction deoxyribo nucleic acid tests – which can detect the HIV virus within 30 days of exposure.

The adult film industry requires its talent to be tested every 30 days and actors are supposed to ask fellow actors for their test results before each performance.

The system has lulled many actors into thinking they are safe having sex without a condom.

“In any country that has PCR-DNA testing, I’m comfortable if that’s what the talent wants to do,” said Patrick Collins, owner of Elegant Angel Productions.

Some of the larger production companies, such as Vivid Entertainment and Wicked Pictures, require condom use.

Most others do not, thinking that movies with unprotected sex sell better. Performers sometimes are paid more for such scenes.

Los Angeles County health officials has asked the state to declare a health emergency and order its Division of Occupational Health and Safety to investigate workplace conditions.

The adult film industry includes about 200 companies employing about 6,000 workers, of which 1,200 are actors, according to Jack Kyser, chief economist for the Los Angeles Economic Development Corp.

It’s estimated that as many as 11,000 videos are made each year. Estimates on the economic power of the industry vary from $4.4 billion to as much as $10 billion.

Over the last 10 years or so, an increasing number of those productions have been made overseas. In some cases, production companies fly their regular stable of actors to such locations as Hawaii or Mexico.

“You can only see the same people so many times and you can only see the same view of the San Fernando Valley so many times,” said Steven Hirsch, co-chairman of Vivid Entertainment.

In most cases, a company will fly its male actors to the foreign location, then recruit local female talent.

The biggest cost of adult films is salaries. An unknown actress gets paid anywhere between $300 and $1,000 for a day’s work. Filming overseas can cut those costs by two-thirds, Connelly said.

Brazil has a thriving adult film industry of its own and pornographic movies are widely available at corner newsstands.

There is no law there requiring adult film actors to use condoms, said Joao Paulo Borges, an aide to a Brazilian legislator who has proposed such a law. But most local performers wear them anyway, he said.

The adult film industry is lobbying legislators to leave it self-regulated and is considering requiring that all actors returning from overseas wait 30 days before returning to work.

Whatever the solution, something needs to be done quickly, adult film actress Shay Sights said.

“I don’t think anyone should be shooting anywhere without a PCR-DNA test,” she said. “It’s cheaper for them. But should it be a matter of money when lives are on the line?”